Introduction: Navigating the New Landscape of Pet Import Regulations

Navigating the world of international pet travel can be complex, and recent changes have added a critical new layer of requirements for owners. The CDC updated its rules for bringing dogs into the U.S. The new rules focus on stopping New World screwworm from coming back. These rules, designed to protect both animal and public health, affect every dog owner planning to bring their companion into the country. Understanding these changes is not just about avoiding delays at the border; it's about being a responsible pet owner and safeguarding the nation's health.

Why These New Rules Matter: Protecting Your Pet and the United States

The primary goal of any animal importation regulation is to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases from high-risk countries. The United States has removed several dangerous animal diseases. These include screwworm and canine rabies virus variant. This success came from many years of hard work. With approximately 1 million dogs imported to the United States annually before recent restrictions, the risk of reintroduction is constant. The new rules established by the CDC and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) are a proactive defense. Compliance ensures your pet’s safe and smooth entry and plays a vital role in protecting the country's livestock, wildlife, and public health from devastating and costly outbreaks.

What is screwworm and why is it a concern for imported pets?

New World screwworm is a parasitic fly whose larvae, or maggots, infest the open wounds of warm-blooded animals, including pets, livestock, and even humans. Unlike other maggots that consume dead tissue, screwworm larvae eat living flesh, creating larger wounds and severe, often fatal, infestations if left untreated. The United States officially eradicated screwworm in 1982, a major public health and agricultural victory.

The concern is that a single infested animal imported from high-risk countries into the United States could re-establish a breeding population, leading to a widespread outbreak (see USDA guidance on NWS here). The economic consequences would be catastrophic; the USDA estimates a screwworm outbreak in Texas alone could cost $1.9 billion annually. Animal cases are rising in nearby areas. For example, Mexico had over 3,050 cases by July 2025. This increases the risk to the United States. Therefore, strict rules for importing and inspecting pets are more important than ever.

Decoding the New CDC Screwworm Rules for Pet Imports

The updated regulations create a more unified framework for pet importation from high-risk countries, integrating requirements for both rabies and screwworm. Pet owners must follow a process with forms, health checks, and certificates from approved veterinarians.

The Core Requirement: Screwworm Freedom Certification

To keep screwworm from re-entering the United States, the USDA has requirements for dogs returning to the United States from high-risk countries. Proactive guidance prevents denied entry, delays, and client frustration.

For any dog that has been in a country or territory with screwworm (see the list here) in the six months prior to entering the United States, a new, non-negotiable requirement is in place:

The dog must have a certificate signed by a full-time, salaried government veterinarian from the country of export. This certificate must explicitly state:

1. The dog was inspected for screwworm within 5 days prior to shipment to the United States, and

2. The veterinarian must attest that the dog is either free from screwworm or was found to be infested, held in quarantine, and treated until it was fully healed and free of the parasite before leaving the country.

This is in addition to the CDC Import Form any CDC dog import rules (e.g., rabies-related requirements based on country status). More Information can be found here: USDA Bring a Pet Dog into the United States

Regarding cats, while USDA APHIS does not have requirements for pet cats entering the U.S., they can still be inspected at ports of entry and denied entry if they appear ill with a disease of public health concern. Always check airline and state rules, too.

Beyond Screwworm: Essential Health Documentation

Screwworm is a new concern. But old rules, especially about rabies, are still very important. All dogs entering the U.S. must appear healthy. Dogs coming from countries considered high-risk for rabies face stringent rules regarding vaccinations. Owners will need to provide proof of a valid Rabies Vaccination, often accompanied by a serologic titer test from an approved lab. Licensed veterinarians issue general health certificates. These certificates show the pet's health and ability to travel. These documents work in concert with the new screwworm certification to provide a comprehensive health profile of the imported animal.

How the Centers for Disease control and Prevention (CDC) Enforces These Rules

The CDC collaborates with U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) at all ports of entry to enforce these regulations. Upon arrival, CBP officers will review all documentation, including the new CDC Dog Import Form receipt and the screwworm certificate. They will conduct a physical inspection of the animal to ensure it appears healthy and matches its documentation. If paperwork is incomplete, inaccurate, or missing, or if the animal appears ill, the CDC has the authority to deny entry. This could result in the dog being returned to its country of origin at the owner's expense, placed in quarantine, or, in the worst-case scenario, euthanized.

Your Step-by-Step Guide to a Compliant Pet Import

You need careful planning and attention to detail to import pets successfully. This guide breaks down the essential steps to ensure a smooth journey for you and your pet.

What documentation is required under the new CDC screwworm rules for pet importation?

The central element of the updated protocol is the CDC Dog Import Form. This essential online form needs to be filled out for each dog that will be brought into the United States. Once submitted, you will receive a confirmation receipt, which is crucial for boarding your flight and must be presented to U.S. Customs and Border Protection upon the dog's arrival in the country. In addition to this vital form, you must also have the following documents ready:

• Proof of current Rabies Vaccination: For dogs from high-risk countries, this involves specific CDC-approved forms and may require a titer test.

• Screwworm Certificate: Required if the dog has been in a screwworm-affected region within the last six months. This must be from an official government veterinarian.

• Valid Microchip Certificate: The microchip number must be listed on all health documents.

• Veterinary Health Certificate: Issued by a licensed veterinarian, generally within 10 days of travel, attesting to the pet’s overall health.

Partnering with the Right Veterinary Professionals

Your choice of veterinarians, both in your current location and in the United States, is critical. For the screwworm certificate, you cannot use just any local vet; you must work with an official government veterinarian of the exporting country. You will work with a licensed veterinarian for rabies papers and health certificates. Often, this veterinarian is approved by the government. Begin these consultations months in advance to map out a timeline for necessary vaccinations, treatments, and paperwork. A USDA-accredited veterinarian in the U.S. can be an invaluable resource before you even leave.

Mandatory Identification – Microchipping Your Pet

A working, ISO-compliant microchip is a mandatory prerequisite for all dogs imported into the U.S. The microchip must be implanted before any rabies vaccinations are administered. The microchip number identifies your pet. You must record it correctly on all documents. These include the CDC Dog Import Form, rabies certificate, and screwworm certificate. Officials will scan the microchip upon arrival to verify the dog’s identity against its paperwork.

Veterinarian-signed Certificate From Country of Departure

The screwworm certificate is perhaps the most significant new piece of paperwork. It must be signed by a full-time, salaried veterinary official of the national government in the country of departure. The certificate must confirm that the dog was physically inspected for screwworm no more than five days before its shipment. It needs to include the date of inspection, the dog's microchip number, and a clear statement confirming the dog's screwworm-free status. Getting this endorsement needs planning. It may require an appointment at a government veterinary office.

Arrival Procedures at U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Upon landing in the United States, you and your pet will proceed to the CBP inspection area. An officer will review your CDC Dog Import Form receipt and all supporting health certificates. They will perform a visual inspection of your dog and may scan its microchip. Be prepared with both digital and physical copies of all documents. If everything is in order, you will be cleared to enter the country. If there are discrepancies, you will be referred to an on-site CDC public health officer for further review.

Potential Issues and Contingency Planning

The most common issue is incomplete or incorrect documentation. A missing signature, a wrong date, or a non-compliant Rabies Vaccination certificate can lead to immediate denial of entry. Have a contingency plan. This might include funds for a potential return flight for your pet or for a mandatory quarantine period, which can be expensive. Double- and triple-check every form against the official requirements listed on the CDC and USDA APHIS websites before you travel.

Special Considerations for Service Animals and Emotional Support Dogs

Under the new regulations, all dogs, including service animals, must meet the same health and documentation requirements. This includes being at least six months old, having a valid microchip, and submitting the CDC Dog Import Form (see CDC rules here). The Air Carrier Access Act has rules for service animal transport. The CDC's public health importation rules apply to all dogs to stop disease. Owners of service animals must complete the same screwworm and rabies protocols as owners of any other pet.

Proactive Prevention and Best Practices for Pet Owners

Beyond the required paperwork, proactive health management is key to a successful import process.

Pre-Travel Preparations Beyond Paperwork

• Schedule a comprehensive wellness exam with your veterinarian. Discuss flea, tick, and internal parasite prevention, as a healthy pet is better equipped to handle the stress of travel.

• Check your dog daily for wounds, discharge, or foul odor. Seek veterinary care promptly in endemic areas

• Avoid high-risk exposure such as unsanitary environments, contact with untreated wounds in other animals

• Get your pet accustomed to its travel carrier well in advance to reduce anxiety on the day of the flight.

• Confirm all travel arrangements with your airline, as each carrier may have additional requirements beyond those mandated by the government.

During the Journey: Monitoring and Care

During travel, ensure your pet has access to water and is as comfortable as possible. For long flights, choose a carrier with ample ventilation and absorbent bedding. Upon arrival, offer your pet a chance to relieve itself and rehydrate as soon as you clear customs. Monitor your pet closely for any signs of stress or illness that may have developed during transit.

Post-Import Monitoring: Ensuring Continued Health

After arriving in the United States, it is wise to schedule a follow-up visit with a U.S. veterinarian. This allows for a post-travel health assessment and helps establish a relationship with a local vet. For the first few weeks, continue to monitor your pet for any unusual symptoms. Pay close attention to any small cuts or scrapes, keeping them clean to prevent any potential for infection, a good practice regardless of screwworm risk.

Key Resources and Final Reminders

Staying informed is your best tool. The regulations can change, so always rely on official sources for the latest information.

Where to Find Official and Up-to-Date Information

The main sources for U.S. pet import rules are the CDC and USDA APHIS websites. These sites contain the most current regulations, downloadable forms, and lists of countries affected by rabies and screwworm. Do not rely on third-party websites or anecdotal advice, as outdated information can lead to costly mistakes.

Your Essential Pre-Travel Checklist for Peace of Mind

• 3-6 Months Before Travel: Consult with veterinarians in both your departure country and the U.S. Check the CDC and APHIS websites for your dog’s specific requirements based on its travel history. Implant an ISO-compliant microchip if not already present.

• 2-3 Months Before Travel: Administer or boost Rabies Vaccination. Plan for any required serology tests.

• 1 Month Before Travel: Book your flight and confirm the airline's pet policies. Begin completing the online CDC Dog Import Form.

• Within 10 Days of Travel: Obtain a general international health certificate from your veterinarian.

• Within 5 Days of Travel: If required, obtain the signed screwworm certificate from an official government veterinarian.

• Day of Travel: Have digital and hard copies of all documents readily accessible.

How New CDC Pet Import Rules Protect U.S. Biosecurity

The CDC has new rules for importing pets. These rules focus strongly on screwworm. They mark a big change in U.S. biosecurity policies.

For pet owners, this means the importation process demands more careful planning, documentation, and coordination than ever before. While the steps may seem daunting, they are achievable with diligent preparation. To import pets successfully, start early.

Talk to the right veterinarians. Use official government sources like the CDC and USDA as your main guides. You must understand and carefully follow these rules. Doing this helps you reunite smoothly with your pet in the U.S. It also helps protect the country's health and farming economy. Your careful actions protect all animals, including your own. Pet owners and veterinary teams can help stop this parasite from coming back to the U.S.

Passpaw is here to make these requirements clear and easy to follow, so practices and their clients can focus on safe and stress-free travel.